مقدمــه :
جمعیت جهان که در آغاز قرن پیش حدود دو میلیارد نفر تخمین زده میشد به بیش از شش میلیارد نفر در آغاز سده جدید افزایش یافته و پیش بینی میشود که تا سال 2020 این رقم از مرز هشت میلیارد نفر عبور کند، یعنی در طول فقط دو دهه ، جمعیتی بالغ بر کل جمعیت جهان در آغاز قرن بیستم به جمع نفوس جهان افزوده خواهد شد.
مقدمــه :
عسل حاوی بیش از هفتاد ماده مفید برای بدن انسان است. اساسا عسل از گلوکز، فروکتوز و منو ساکارید ها ساخته شده است. همچنین عسل دارای آنزیم های مفیدی از جمله آمیلاز، سوکراز، کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و لیپاز بوده و در رده بندی غذاهای سرشار از آنزیمها مقام نخست را به خود اختصاص داده است.تغذیهٔ گوسفند (Feeding of sheep)
مدیریت یک گله گوسفند مستلزم داشتن اطلاعات کافى در امور مختلف گوسفنددارى استطبقه بندی زراعی جو
خواص جو
موارد مصرف جو
در روزگارهای قدیم جزیره ای دور افتاده بود که همه احساسات در آن زندگی می کردند: شادی، غم، دانش عشق و باقی
احساسات . روزی به همه آنها اعلام شد که جزیره در حال غرق شدن است. بنابراین هر یک شروع به تعمیر قایقهایشان
کردند.
Turkmenia (Russian), Turcoman (Persian)
Identification. "Türkmenistan," with the Persian suffix "-istan" to indicate "land of the Türkmen," has been home to the Turkic people today known as Türkmen since about the tenth century. Türkmen descend from the Oguz, a confederation of tribes which migrated out of the Gök Türk empire (c. fifth–eighth centuries) near Mongolia. It is thought that the term "Türkmen" was used to classify the Oguz who had adopted Islam, although this is not conclusive; the designation had earlier held political significance. The name "Türkmen" eventually replaced "Oguz
by Arminius Vambery
| Arminius Vambery travelled through Central Asia in the mid 19th century, the author of one of most vivid and detailed accounts of life among the Turkmen as well as the oasis kingdoms of Turkestan. A Hungarian linghist, he was fluent in the Turkish langauage and disguised as a learned and important man from Constantinople, he journeyed throughout Turkestan recording all that he saw and encountered.. I have chosen to reproduce parts of this text in an effort to illustrate the nature of life, aside from the myth and misunderstandings that pervade, at this late date, our very distanced view |
by Arminius Vambery
How Felt Is Made and...
Dear folks –
Michael Wendorf’s post in the “resources” thread is very useful. It appeared as I was composing something on how felts are made. The summary Michael provides from the “Nomads of Eurasia” volume contains a great deal of information related to this thread I’m starting here. I have recopied it into this post for convenience. Here is most of it again:
انواع قالی و نقش های ترکمنTurkmen carpets | |
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Turkmen carpets are still recognized today even among the expert carpet dealers in the United States and Western Europe as "Bukhara carpets". Bukhara is one of the ancient Oriental cities among the Silk Road where Turkmen people used to sell these beautiful hand-made wool textiles. Many world rug specialists consider these carpets (especially the antique masterpieces) as one of the most genuinely unique and high quality carpets in the world.
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Turkmen man